Treatment & Management Of Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency, and should not be underestimated. Understanding the initial picture of anaphylaxis and knowing how to deal with the emergency can be life-saving. A timely intervention can considerably prevent progression to more complicated states of circulatory and respiratory arrest. In order to avoid these fatal developments, 15 minutes for anaphylaxis induced by insect venoms, and 30 minutes for food-induced anaphylaxis are incredibly important. Education of patients and their close contacts on this aspect is ensured by health care professionals to decrease chances of post-anaphylactic morbidities and fatality. [6]
Dealing with the emergency
A comprehensive guide to manage an anaphylactic patient is important knowledge for all. With a few simple maneuvers, the associated complications can be avoided. Some tips are listed below:
- Recognize the symptoms of anaphylaxis and shock. Weak but rapid pulse, with cool skin, signs of breathlessness, and altered state of consciousness are some classic signs of emergency.
- Identify the allergen: remove the person from the exposed area, or discontinue the drug if that is the irritant.
- Call an emergency number: it’s important to give a call to an ambulance before beginning to manage the patient.
- Place the patient in supine position. A vomiting patient is to be placed in a recumbent position. In any position, it is preferable to elevate the legs of the patient. This simple maneuver ensures that blood makes its way back to the heart instead of pooling in the legs due to loss of tension in the vessels.
- Give CPR in case of severe respiratory compromise.
- If available, inject epinephrine via injectable pens, in the outer part of the thigh muscle.