Tranexamic acid
Tranexamic acid is one of the advanced treatments for melasma, which are available for topical application, venous administration, and oral intake. Tranexamic acid works by inhibiting the production of melanin pigment from preventing the dark patches from appearing. Moreover, tranexamic acid also helps in the prevention of the transfer of melanin pigment from melanocytes to the skin surface. According to studies, oral medications cause headaches, depression, abdominal pain, and nausea, while the topical application of tranexamic acid irritates the skin.