Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus is not a famous constituent of the melasma treatment creams, but it is very helpful in fading the dark pigmentation. Tacrolimus is often present in a melasma treatment cream with a combination of other dark patches fading ingredients. The mechanism of tacrolimus is that it reduces the formation of chemical transporters in the body, which are known as cytokines. Normally the cytokines become the source of causing inflammation in the skin by sending signals to the body’s immune system, but tacrolimus blocks the signal transduction by cytokines. Tacrolimus aids in minimizing any inflammation happening in the skin layers and acts as a steroid cream, which normally works for fighting inflammation on the skin. Moreover, other side effects of tacrolimus constituting creams include stinging or burning of the skin surface, and this happens in almost 10% of the melasma patients using these creams.