Problems in your bones can also cause thigh pain, and the bone anatomy of this region is very simple. You only need to know the femur, the most prominent bone in the body. It is connected to the hipbone in the proximal body and the patella/tibia articulation in the knee. When you have a fracture, bone cancer, or another problem in your femur, you can also experience thigh pain.
All of these structures are controlled by the femoral nerve. So, the nerves in your thigh can also trigger pain if you have a nerve entrapment syndrome, such as sciatica pain. Nerve-related problems can give you a wide array of sensory and motor symptoms.