Bronchoscopy
In this procedure, a thin fiberoptic probe is inserted into the airways by mouth or nose. This technique exposes the areas with tumors for sampling and is very helpful for the sampling of central areas of lungs for biopsy. This process must be carried out by an expert and can be painful. Some patients may aspirate dark brown blood after the bronchoscopy. Some other complications may include irregular heartbeat, lack of oxygen in the blood, or blood in the cough.